{"id":872,"date":"2026-09-07T10:22:52","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T14:22:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ledistingoinfo.com\/?p=872"},"modified":"2026-09-07T18:10:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T22:10:11","slug":"mercator-equal-earth-nouvelle-carte-monde","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ledistingoinfo.com\/mercator-equal-earth-nouvelle-carte-monde\/","title":{"rendered":"Le monde change de carte : on passe du Mercator \u00e0 Equal Earth"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Le monde change de visage, au sens propre comme au figur\u00e9. Les Nations Unies adoptent une nouvelle projection cartographique, Equal Earth, plus fid\u00e8le \u00e0 la taille r\u00e9elle des continents. Cette r\u00e9forme accompagne un basculement plus large : la g\u00e9opolitique mondiale glisse elle aussi vers un ordre multipolaire.<\/strong><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
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Equal Earth : la nouvelle carte mondiale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
Depuis 1569, la projection de Mercator domine les cartes scolaires et diplomatiques du monde entier. Con\u00e7ue \u00e0 l’origine pour la navigation, elle d\u00e9forme pourtant fortement les surfaces. Ainsi, elle agrandit l’Europe et l’Am\u00e9rique du Nord, tout en r\u00e9duisant visuellement l’Afrique, l’Am\u00e9rique latine et une partie de l’Asie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
En septembre 2026, l’Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des Nations Unies change la donne. Elle adopte une r\u00e9solution en faveur d’une nouvelle projection, baptis\u00e9e \u00ab Equal Earth \u00bb. Le Groupe africain et le Togo portent cette initiative, afin de refl\u00e9ter plus fid\u00e8lement la superficie r\u00e9elle des continents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mercator vs Equal Earth : une carte qui redessine les continents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Sur cette nouvelle carte, l’Afrique, l’Am\u00e9rique latine, l’Asie du Sud et l’Oc\u00e9anie apparaissent nettement plus grandes. En revanche, l’Am\u00e9rique du Nord et l’Europe retrouvent leur \u00e9chelle r\u00e9elle, plus modeste. La France, de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, annonce l’abandon de Mercator dans ses usages diplomatiques. Elle adopte la projection Eckert IV, proche d’Equal Earth, ce qui r\u00e9duit sa propre repr\u00e9sentation sur les nouvelles cartes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cette r\u00e9forme d\u00e9passe largement la simple question technique. En effet, elle vise \u00e0 corriger un biais eurocentr\u00e9 h\u00e9rit\u00e9 de la colonisation. Ainsi, elle reconfigure symboliquement la place des continents dans l’imaginaire g\u00e9opolitique mondial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vers un monde multipolaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Au-del\u00e0 de la carte elle-m\u00eame, une recomposition plus profonde s’op\u00e8re. De nombreux analystes s’accordent sur un constat : l’ordre international domin\u00e9 par les \u00c9tats-Unis depuis la fin de la Guerre froide c\u00e8de peu \u00e0 peu la place \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me multipolaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l’ONU, Ant\u00f3nio Guterres, d\u00e9fend d’ailleurs cette lecture. Lors du sommet de l’Organisation de coop\u00e9ration de Shanghai (OCS), \u00e0 Bichkek en septembre 2026, il appelle \u00e0 r\u00e9former des institutions internationales fig\u00e9es dans les rapports de force de 1945.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Cinq p\u00f4les, une comp\u00e9tition de fond<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Les observateurs d\u00e9crivent d\u00e9sormais cette configuration comme un syst\u00e8me \u00ab mini-polaire \u00bb. Une comp\u00e9tition structurante oppose toujours les \u00c9tats-Unis \u00e0 la Chine. Toutefois, plusieurs autres p\u00f4les gagnent en influence sur leur r\u00e9gion, et parfois au-del\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Les \u00c9tats-Unis conservent leur statut de superpuissance militaire, technologique et financi\u00e8re. Cependant, leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 imposer seuls des r\u00e9sultats g\u00e9opolitiques diminue progressivement. La Chine, de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, consolide son poids \u00e9conomique et militaire. Elle \u00e9tend son influence via les Routes de la soie, les BRICS et d’autres formats de coop\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L’Inde s’impose quant \u00e0 elle comme un p\u00f4le d\u00e9mographique et strat\u00e9gique majeur. Elle p\u00e8se d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur des enjeux globaux comme le num\u00e9rique, le climat et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9. L’Union europ\u00e9enne conserve un poids \u00e9conomique et normatif certain. N\u00e9anmoins, elle reste fragment\u00e9e sur les questions de d\u00e9fense et de politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re, ce qui en fait davantage un \u00ab mini-p\u00f4le \u00bb qu’une superpuissance unifi\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Enfin, la Russie conteste ouvertement l’architecture de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 occidentale. Elle s’appuie sur l’OCS et les BRICS pour consolider un espace d’influence eurasiatique, malgr\u00e9 les sanctions et la guerre en Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BRICS+ et OCS, deux visions alternatives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Les BRICS \u00e9largis rassemblent d\u00e9sormais le Br\u00e9sil, la Russie, l’Inde, la Chine, l’Afrique du Sud, ainsi que l’\u00c9gypte, l’\u00c9thiopie, l’Iran, les \u00c9mirats arabes unis, l’Arabie saoudite et l’Indon\u00e9sie. Ensemble, ces pays revendiquent pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de la population mondiale et environ 40 % du PIB mondial, en parit\u00e9 de pouvoir d’achat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L’OCS, de son c\u00f4t\u00e9, r\u00e9unit la Chine, la Russie, l’Inde, le Pakistan, plusieurs \u00c9tats d’Asie centrale et l’Iran. Ce forum eurasien se pr\u00e9sente comme le promoteur d’un ordre multipolaire, plus repr\u00e9sentatif et plus \u00e9quitable. Ainsi, ces deux formats offrent une alternative \u00e0 l’ordre lib\u00e9ral occidental, en insistant sur la souverainet\u00e9 des \u00c9tats et la non-ing\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le Sud global joue sur plusieurs tableaux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Un trait marquant caract\u00e9rise cette nouvelle configuration : la capacit\u00e9 croissante des pays du Sud global \u00e0 jouer sur plusieurs \u00e9chiquiers \u00e0 la fois. Ces \u00c9tats coop\u00e8rent avec les \u00c9tats-Unis et l’Union europ\u00e9enne sur certains dossiers. Parall\u00e8lement, ils \u00e9changent avec la Chine et la Russie sur d’autres, tout en s’appuyant sur les BRICS ou l’OCS pour maximiser leur marge de man\u0153uvre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Plusieurs dirigeants africains illustrent cette tendance. Ainsi, le pr\u00e9sident togolais Faure Gnassingb\u00e9, lors du sommet de l’OCS en 2026, appelle les pays \u00e0 ne plus \u00ab choisir de camp \u00bb. Selon lui, ce nouveau monde fait \u00e9merger des centres de puissance et des \u00e9quilibres \u00e9conomiques in\u00e9dits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Le Distingo Info <\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Le monde change de visage, au sens propre comme au figur\u00e9. Les Nations Unies adoptent une nouvelle projection cartographique, Equal Earth, plus fid\u00e8le \u00e0 la taille r\u00e9elle des continents. Cette r\u00e9forme accompagne un basculement plus large : la g\u00e9opolitique mondiale glisse elle aussi vers un ordre multipolaire. Depuis 1569, la projection de Mercator domine les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":873,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"beyondwords_generate_audio":"","beyondwords_project_id":"","beyondwords_content_id":"","beyondwords_preview_token":"","beyondwords_player_content":"","beyondwords_player_style":"","beyondwords_language_code":"","beyondwords_language_id":"","beyondwords_title_voice_id":"","beyondwords_body_voice_id":"","beyondwords_summary_voice_id":"","beyondwords_error_message":"","beyondwords_disabled":"","beyondwords_delete_content":"","beyondwords_podcast_id":"","beyondwords_hash":"","publish_post_to_speechkit":"","speechkit_hash":"","speechkit_generate_audio":"","speechkit_project_id":"","speechkit_podcast_id":"","speechkit_error_message":"","speechkit_disabled":"","speechkit_access_key":"","speechkit_error":"","speechkit_info":"","speechkit_response":"","speechkit_retries":"","speechkit_status":"","speechkit_updated_at":"","_speechkit_link":"","_speechkit_text":""},"categories":[1,70],"tags":[168,170,172,169,173,171],"class_list":["post-872","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualites","category-nouvelle-internationale","tag-carte-mondiale","tag-equal-earth","tag-geopolitique","tag-mercator","tag-multipolarite","tag-onu"],"yoast_head":"\nDe Mercator \u00e0 Equal Earth : le monde change de carte<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le monde change de carte : Mercator vers Equal Earth. 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